Markdown lightweight markup language

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QUESTION
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What is it – how do I use it?

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ANSWER
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(CREDIT: http://www.ctrlshift.net/project/markdowneditor/)

Markdown is a lightweight markup language based on the formatting conventions that people naturally use in email. As [John Gruber] writes on the [Markdown site] [1]:

> The overriding design goal for Markdown’s
> formatting syntax is to make it as readable
> as possible. The idea is that a
> Markdown-formatted document should be
> publishable as-is, as plain text, without
> looking like it’s been marked up with tags
> or formatting instructions.

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EXAMPLES
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Header
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APPLIES TO / KEY WORDS
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REF
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http://www.ctrlshift.net/project/markdowneditor/

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